Track by track 77 How Long

Archive number: 77

Title: How Long

Main Album: Focus Con Proby

Track number: 9

Genre: Jazz Rock Vocal

Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands

Length: 05' 16”

Composer: Roselie van Leer, Thijs van Leer

Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Synthesisers, Hammond organ; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums

Producer: Yde de Jong

Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron

Label: LP – EMI

Date of recording/release: Recorded/released 1978 LP – 1978 CD - 1998

Notes: We begin with a fast paced synthesiser-led introduction (00:00-00:55). Proby then comes in with the lyric (00:56-02:49). The lyrics are

How long

Lasts a love

When does a smile begin?

How far Is a dream

From remembering?

And how fast is a train of thought?

And I know how long a moment can last.

How high

Can you see in the sky?

And does it never end?

And I think that the world was meant to be

Much better than we've ever seen or hoped for

And I say that each time you can be

Kind or mild you'll know the joy to make it better

And I think we must, and why don't we start now?

How white

How clear and how bright

Is an angel's light?

And how fast is a train of thought

And I know how long a moment can last.

The backing is quite uniformly fast but occasionally begins to break down. There is then an instrumental break at 02:50-03:21 then Proby resumes (03:22-03:58) with the following:

And I think that the world was meant to be

Much better than we've ever seen or hoped for

And I say that each time you can be

Kind or mild you'll know the joy to make it better

And I think we must, and why don't we start now?

Hear, hear

The best of all, I think love never dies

The final upbeat section (03:59-05:16) is shared by the synthesiser and guitar.

Track by track 76 Maximum

Archive number: 76
Title: Maximum
Main Album: Focus Con Proby
Track number: 8
Genre: Jazz Rock Instrumental
Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands
Length: 08' 38”
Composer: Thijs van Leer, Bert Ruiter
Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitar; Thijs van Leer – Electric Piano, Hammond organ, Synthesisers; Voice; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums
Producer: Yde de Jong
Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron
Label: LP – EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded/released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998
Alternative version: A longer slightly slower live version is found on Live at the BBC
Notes: The band begin together (00:00-00:17) with a laid back introduction soon supplemented by something more upbeat led by electric piano then guitar (00:18-00:29). The bass then takes us on with the band led sometimes by guitar, sometimes by electric piano (00:30-01:09). Two guitar-led crescendos that tail off (01:10-01:25) are followed by two successive choppy piano riffs (01:26-01:32 and 01:33-01:41). The second is then supplemented by a soaring guitar before reasserting itself (01:42-01:58). We then return to the beginning and a slower pace, occasionally lifted by the guitar (01:59-02:43) and getting a little more jaunty at times with some guitar runs (02:44-03:25). A dreamy and meandering middle section (03:26-04:09) comes to an end with the drums announcing a very long and earnest guitar break (03:26-07:12). This eventually comes to an end and we settle back into the original groove to close (07:13-08:38). There is some wonderful playing throughout but it gets lost in the mix and somehow never really gels making it inferior to the live version.

Track by track 75 Tokyo Rose

Archive number: 75

Title: Tokyo Rose

Main Album: Focus Con Proby

Track number: 7

Genre: Jazz Rock Vocal

Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands

Length: 5' 05"

Composer: Roselie van Leer, Thijs van Leer

Musicians: P J Proby – Vocals; Eef Albers- Electric Guitars; Thijs van Leer – Flute, Piano, Hammond organ; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums

Producer: Yde de Jong

Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron

Label: LP – EMI

Date of recording/release: Recorded/released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998

Alternative versions: None

Notes: As with the previous track, we begin with a classical introduction possibly stolen from Brahms. This time the flute joins the piano. (00:00-00:44). The band then kicks in at marching pace and Proby (sounding very like Presley at times) begins to half sing half speak the lyric. The vocal is then punctuated by the guitar-led instrumental as indicated.

Hahaha, hey you know something?

World War II wasn't all that much fun, 

Specially if you didn't even have a gun.

Well, you know you gotta go through it if you wanna get to it,

and I can tell you I did,

but no thanks to a little lady.

She was, uh, she, she kept us up all hours of the night.

Hell, half the time we didn't have time to fight.

But I don't think I would have to expound much further

 'cause everyone knows 'bout Tokyo Rose.

(Instrumental break at 01:32-02:31)

Hehaha, lemme tell you a little more. Scared?

Christ, I was so damned scared I could crawl under a snake's belly,

with a top hat on, without even touching it.

That's how scared I was.

Shit, who wants your ass blown off when you don't even know if it's kosher.

You know, kind of like when you went to school.

Always breakin' the rules, thinkin' nobody knows.

Haha, but don't kid yourself, baby, the lady in the classroom knows, 

nd her name? You got it - Tokyo Rose.

(Instrumental break at 03:20-04:18)

Lord, have mercy. Ha, I feel like I'm teaching class.

I gotta go through it all over again,

'cause you haven't learned your lessons now.

I don't want to give you a bad report card,

so I say, do you know that World War II wasn't fun.

Have you got that down, Jim? Right on,

especially if you didn't have a gun.

Well, you know you gotta go through it

if you wanna get to it.

And I can tell you I did, but no thanks to a little lady,

yeah, she kept us up all hours of the night.

Hell, half the time, we never had time to fight.

And, uh, yeah, there's no sense of me expounding any further.

The end is again quite sudden.

Note on Tokyo Rose (from Wikipedia)

Tokyo Rose (or Tokio Rose) was a generic name given by Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II to any of approximately a dozen English-speaking female broadcasters of Japanese propaganda. Their intent was to disrupt the morale of Allied forces listening to the broadcast near the Japanese mainland. The name is most strongly associated withIva Toguri D'Aquino, who broadcast under the pseudonym "Orphan Ann" during the 15-20 minute DJ segment of the 75-minute The Zero Hour programme on Radio Tokyo (NHK). Other women who, separately or together, may have warranted the title include American Ruth Hayakawa (who substituted for Iva on weekends) and Canadian June Suyama ("The Nightingale of Nanking"), who also broadcast on Radio Tokyo, and Myrtle Lipton ("Little Margie"), who broadcast from Japan-controlled Radio Manila.

Tokyo Rose has been the subject of two movies and four documentaries. Both in 1969 and 1976 CBS broadcast documentaires on the subject. 1969: The Story of "Tokyo Rose", CBS-TV and WGN radio documentary written and produced by Bill Kurtis. 1976: Tokyo Rose, CBS-TV documentary segment on 60 Minutes by Morley Safer, produced by Imrel Harvath.

Track by track 74 Brother

Archive number: 74
Title: Brother
Main Album: Focus Con Proby
Track number: 6
Genre: Jazz Rock Vocal
Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands
Length: 05' 16”
Composer: Roselie van Leer, Thijs van Leer
Musicians: P J Proby – Vocals; Eef Albers- Electric Guitars; Thijs van Leer – Piano, Mellotron, Hammond organ; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums
Producer: Yde de Jong
Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron
Label: LP – EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded/released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998
Alternative versions: An instrumental version can be found on van Leer's solo album Introspection 3. Also see the later Focus 8.
Notes: The piece begins with a beautiful, classically informed, piano introduction with some slight mellotron backing (00:00-00:48) possibly stolen from Brahms. After five seconds silence (00:49-00:54) heavy drum beats are heard and the band comes in with a slow march led by Proby's rock ballad vocal (0051-03:35). The angst ridden verses and 1920s American depression influenced chorus are as follows:

I've never been unhappy or alone
Each day daylight came back

I always watched the stars
Not thinking space big and dark

Rains always were my friend
The wind knew all my secrets

Brother do you know that the times are hard
Do you wanna see my eyes
Better Make a start
Cause brother do you see that the times are hard
I need love
Hey yeah (Repeat chorus)

I did not fear the shadows of trees
But city shadows don't move

I saw a child of God. He was
Someday to grow into the world.

Brother do you know that the times are hard
Do you wanna see my eyes

You'd better make a start
Cause brother ...
do you see that the times are hard
I need love (Repeat chorus)

A horn-like guitar leads the band as the music rises (03:36-04:12) until the vocal comes back in very high (04:13-05:01) with the opening six lines. A triumphant classical style piano, organ and cymbals close the piece (05:02-05:16).

Track by track 73 Sneezing Bull

Archive number: 73
Title: Sneezing Bull
Main Album: Focus Con Proby. Also a single in 1977 b/w Eddy.
Track number: 5
Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental
Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands
Length: 04' 23”
Composer: Philip Catherine
Musicians: Philip Catherine - Acoustic guitars, Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Hammond organ; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums
Producer: Yde de Jong
Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron
Label: LP – EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded/released 1978 LP – 1978 CD - 1988

Alternative version: As found on Live at the BBC (also on Philip Catherine's solo album Guitars)
Notes: A previously recorded Philip Catherine number, this track fits very well into the Focus style recalling House of the King. The building up of an atmosphere present on the original track (on the album Guitars) is not attempted on this version. The acoustic guitars, drums and bass begin together (00:00-00:07) then the flute comes in (00:08-00:33, 00:39-01:05, 01:12-01:40 and 01:44-02:09). A shout from van Leer is heard at 01:59 adding to the excitement and the live feel. After another brief bridge (02:10-02:14) reverbed electric guitars take up the lead for a more jazzy section (02:15-03:17). The flute then comes back to play first a bridge then the original theme but now against an electric guitar accompaniment (03:18-04:24). Another van Leer shout is heard at 04:05. The piece ends quite suddenly.

Track by track 72 Eddy

Archive number: 72
Title: Eddy
Main Album: Focus Con Proby. Also a single in 1977 b/w Sneezing Bull.
Track number: 4
Genre: Rock Vocal
Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands
Length: 5' 49"
Composer: Eef Albers
Musicians: P J Proby - Vocals; Eef Albers - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Hammond, Bass Synthesiser; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums
Producer: Yde de Jong
Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron
Label: EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded 1977 Released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998
Alternative versions: Roselie van Leer (Peters) sings an earlier version on van Leer's solo O my love and Jo De Roeck sings on a later version on Focus 9
Notes: The band open with bass and drums and 'violined' guitar and organ (00:00-00:09) then Proby comes in pleasantly crooning the lyric as follows

Just like Eddy in the morning
He never said, although he could
I know someone who would, but
He never woke to have an ear

Yes I think of things unnoticed
Like what happens in the egg
As it lies without motion
Just like Eddie's sleeping head

When I come home in the morning
Softly as I tread the dawn
I know things that are important
That have only just begun

I'm gonna fly away
Here I go here I go here I go
I'm gonna fly away
Here I go here I go here I go

Seeing you across the table
Smiles are dying on your face
Being here with my heart open
Seems a little out of place

I'm gonna fly away
Here I go here I go here I go
I'm gonna fly away
Here I go here I go here I go (repeated twice)

All the way, the guitar plays some fine licks against the vocal, which finally becomes breathless, insistent then indistinct, dying with a scream at 4:33, when the band takes over. The vocal is lost a little in the mix.

Note on Eddy

Eddy van Leer is Thijs van Leer's father. He plays with Thijs on the track Hommage (Song for pa) on the Thijs van Leer solo album Reflections. Van Leer senior, a competent classical flautist himself, bought his son a flute and gave him his first lessons when Thijs was around 11 or 12.

Track by track 71 Nightflight

Archive number: 71
Title: Nightflight
Main Album: Focus Con Proby
Track number: 3
Genre: Progressive Jazz Instrumental
Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands
Length: 3' 35”
Composer: Eef Albers
Musicians: Eef Albers - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Mellotron, Electric piano, Synthesisers; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums
Producer: Yde de Jong
Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron
Label: EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded 1977 Released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998
Alternative versions: None
Notes: This lively but unremarkable and rather jazz track zips straight in, led by guitar. The pace quickens and gets jazzier at 00:41. A distinctive hornlike synthesiser sound comes in at 02:44-02:55 followed by a brief guitar solo then a break down and fade.

Note on Nighflight (from Wikipedia)

Nightflight is also the name of a 1975 song with vocals by Led Zeppelin, a 1933 film starring Clark Gable and a 1931 novel by the aviator Antoine Saint-Exupéry.

Track by track 70 Orion

Archive number: 70
Title: Orion
Main Album: Focus Con Proby
Track number: 2
Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental
Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands
Length: 3' 58”
Composer: Eef Albers
Musicians: Eef Albers - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Hammond organ, Electric piano; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums
Producer: Yde de Jong
Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron
Label: EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded 1977 Released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998
Alternative versions: None

Notes: This atmospheric track fades in with a hypnotic treble guitar and drums. A heavy, distorted power chord is hit at around 00:17 then takes up the lead with the starting theme continuing in the background. A chord change at 01:19 moves things along without the original background music. Things slow and come to something of a halt at 02:03 before the hypnotic guitar and drums return and the sequence is more or less repeated a second time to the dreamy melting end.

Note on Orion (from Wikipedia)

Orion was a giant huntsman in Greek mythology who Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion. Ancient sources tell several different stories about him. There are two major versions of his birth and several of his death. The most important recorded episodes are his birth somewhere in Boetia, his visit to Chios where he met Merope and was blinded by her father, Oenopion, the recovery of his sight at Lemnos, his hunting with Artemis on Crete, his death by the blow of Artemis or of the giant scorpion which became Scorpio and his elevation to the heavens. Most ancient sources omit some episodes, several tell only one. These various incidents may originally have been independent, unrelated stories. It is impossible to tell whether omissions are simply for brevity or represent real disagreement.
In Greek literature he first appears as a great hunter in Homer's Odyssey, where Odysseus sees his shade in the underworld. The bare bones of his story are told by Hellenistic and Roman collectors of myths but there is no extant mythological record of his adventures comparable to that of others.
Orion served several roles in ancient Greek culture. The story of his adventures as the hunter is the one we have most evidence on (though not very much). He was venerated as a hero, in the Greek sense, in the Boetia region. One aetiological passage suggests he was responsible for the present shape of the Straits of Sicily.

Track by track 69 Wingless

Archive number: 69

Title: Wingless

Main Album: Focus Con Proby

Track number: 1

Genre: Rock Vocal

Studio: EMI Studios, Hilversum, The Netherlands

Length: 5' 32”

Composer: Thijs van Leer, Roselie van Leer

Musicians: P J Proby – Vocals; Eef Albers - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Hammond organ, Electric piano; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Steve Smith - Drums

Producer: Yde de Jong

Engineer: Jan van Vrijaldenhoven/Mike Stavron

Label: EMI

Date of recording/release: Recorded 1977 Released 1978 LP – 1978 CD – 1998

Alternative versions: None

Notes: This vocal track is bookended by a short reverbed instrumental introduction (00:00-00:37) quite dreamy and a heavier, wilder and longer reverbed instrumental conclusion (03:08-05:32) that eventually fades. There is also a reverbed guitar-led instrumental break at 01:33-02:08 between the second and third verses. The words are as follows

I'm a bird but I am wingless

On a treetop way up high

Springtime's coming green and reckless

How I long and long to fly

But my love I get so restless

Thinking of you all the time

While my heart moves free

I'm solid 

Wish that I could move around

While my heart was fixed forever

Fixed in love without the fear

That one day I'll be without you Is it true, and is it near?

Sunlight starlight love your laughter

And the love of gentle hearts

And beyond the face of the loved one

There you'll find the face of God

The words are sung well in a yearning rock ballad style but are slightly overwhelmed by the band until the final line, where everything slows and dies down before taking off again for the final section.

A note on P J Proby (from Wikipedia)

Born James Marcus Smith, November 6, 1938, Houston, Texas, this singer, songwriter and actor is noted for theatrical portrayals of Presley and Orbison and interpretations of old standards in the vein of Nat king Cole or Tony Bennett. His stage name was suggested by friend and songwriter Sharon Sheeley who remembered an old boyfriend with the name.

His father was VP of a big bank. He was educated at various military academies and later moved to California to be a movie actor. As Jett Powers he had minor roles and 2 singles on an independent label went unnoticed. In 1962 he began writing and recording demos for artists such as Elvis and Johnny Cash. Sheeley took him to audition at Liberty Records. He soon created his fashion image of a pony-tail tied back with a ribbon, swashbuckling pirate shirts and buckled shoes. In addition, he wore skin-tight suits of velvet in different colours. London based from 1964 he began to have hits but a royalty dispute broke his run of UK successes.

His career was also affected by controversy. His trousers split during a concert. Women in the audience went wild. Somehow, they split again at the next venue. Critics, and the audience, were divided on whether it was a gimmick or eccentricism. During a 1967 concert they split again and he was dropped from the rest of the tour.

Back in the US he had a hit but poor managerial advice led to him briefly declaring himself bankrupt. He took some rest then but in September '68 recorded Three Week Hero. Released in '69 The Yardbirds (later Led Zeppelin) were his backing band.

In 1971 he had a successful West End run as Casio in a rock musical version of Othello (Catch My Soul). He continued to perform mostly in cabarets and nightclubs, singing 1960s ballads and rhythm 'n' blues material. In 1977, he portrayed Elvis in Elvis - The Musical, which received rave reviews and awards. It was following this that he recorded with Focus, the result chiefly of manager Yde de Jong being a fan.

He then returned to singing in clubs. By 1990 he was suffering from alcoholism, living in Bolton but did produce an album Thanks. He enjoyed minor success with covers of Anarchy in the UK and other unexpected material but was neglected by the media. Following his return to the public eye, in 1991, he suffered a heart attack, curtailing activities until 1993, when he appeared in a Jack Good biomusical Good Rockin' Tonite as himself. In 1995 he was in a Roy Orbison tribute show Only the Lonely. By 1996 he was again doing the Elvis musical. In 1997, he toured with The Who, performing as "The Godfather" in the road production of Quadrophenia. Now into his seventies, he continues to tour. In 2007 he was accused of benefit fraud, something he strongly denies.

Focus 9 Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Focus 8 Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Focus Live in America Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Focus 1985 Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Focus Con Proby Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Live at the BBC Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Mother Focus Pie Chart

Chart showing the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Hamburger Pie Chart

At the Rainbow Pie Chart

This chart shows the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Moving Waves Pie Chart

This chart shows the proportion of the album taken up by each track

In and Out of Pie Chart

This chart shows the proportion of the album taken up by each track

Use of vocals Graph

Appearances on Focus Albums Graph

Track by track 68 Hocus Pocus (Live) BBC

Archive number: 68

Title: Hocus Pocus (Live)

ain Album: Live at the BBC

Track number: 9

Genre: Live Progressive Rock Instrumental

Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)

Length: 5' 45”

Composer: Thijs van Leer/Jan Akkerman

Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Electric piano, Mellotron, Vocal, Voice; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums

Producer: BBC

Engineer: BBC

Label: Hux Records

Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004

Alternative versions: There are many of these

Notes: This somewhat unusual rendition of Hocus Pocus is an encore. Philip Catherine had only been playing it around a month at the time so all the emphasis is on van Leer's antics. All the changes are rung, beginning, unusually, with a yodel and scream (00:00-00:16) then interleaving frenetic band work outs, followed by drum breaks, with a second yodel and scream (00:38-00:51), the strange voice and scream (01:14-01:26), a slightly extended yodel with a low then high voice (01:47-02:08), the flute (02:30-02:38), an extended yodel and scream (03:01-03:26), some whistling (03:47-04:08) and introductions (04:30-05:02) ending with “Thijs van Leeeeeeeer”. Then we have the final riff and close (05:03-05:34) with applause to close the album (05:35-05:45).

Track by track 67 Little Sister/What you see (Live)

Archive number: 67
Title: Little Sister/What you see (Live)
Main Album: Live at the BBC
Track number: 8
Genre: Live Cabaret Jazz Vocal/Live Jazz Funk Instrumental
Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)
Length: 08' 18”
Composer: Thijs Van Leer/Roselie Peters
Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Electric piano, Mellotron, Vocal, Voice; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums
Producer: BBC
Engineer: BBC
Label: Hux Records
Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004
Alternative versions: This track first appeared on van Leer's solo album O my love!
Notes: The quiet, wistful and undemanding vocal track is segued with the up tempo jazz funk instrumental. The vocal track is bounded by an introduction (00:00-01:04) and conclusion (03:11-03:36) the highly laid back vocal section taking up the rest of the time (1:05-03:10). The intro is very quiet, with keyboards and guitar only. After a brief silence (01:00-01:02) the high hat takes us into the slow and sparse band-backed vocal. The minimalist words are

I'll carry you, I'll carry you
Out into the land,
Go before dusk

My tears are made of diamond,
They are yours

Little sister, do you know?

I have seen into the sky,
Oh how, how I am moved!

We end (03:11-03:36) with an atmospheric signing off on keyboards and guitar before the rumbling thunder of the following track begins. The bass and drums lead the build up on this next track (03:37-04:28). After a few funky false starts. the guitar then takes up the lead as the band continue the funk backing (04:29-05:25). Next van Leer, almost comically, uses his uncanny voice to take things on (05:27-05:53) breaking down briefly to give space to the piano (05:54-06:01) but taking things up again briefly (06:02-00:20). Finally Catherine's guitar comes in again to give a jazzy lead that suddenly crashes (06:43-06:47) and we have a reprise of Little Sister (using the second part) as the coda, dying out with the sound that introduced the second track (06:48-07:50). We then have half a minute of audience applause and a 'thank you very much' from van Leer yet again (07:51-08:18). During this time the band presumably leave the stage then quickly return for the encore.

Segue (from Wikipedia)

A segue is a transition from one topic or section to the next. The term is derived from Italian segue, which literally means "follows". In music, segue is a direction to the performer. It means continue (the next section) without a pause. The term attacca is used synonymously. For written music, it implies a transition from one section to the next without any break. In improvisation, it is often used for transitions created as a part of the performance, leading from one section to another.

In recorded music, a segue sometimes means a seamless change between one song and another, sometimes achieved through beatmatching, especially on dance and disco recordings. However, as noted by composer John Williams in the liner notes for his Star Wars soundtrack album, a series of musical ideas can be juxtaposed with no transitions whatsoever. Arrangements that involve or create the effect of a classical musical suite, may be used in many pieces or progressive rock recordings, but by definition, a segue does not involve a bridging transition - it is an abrupt change of musical idea. With breakless joins of the elements in his albums Frank Zappa made extensive use of the segue technique. This was first used in 1966 on Zappa's Freak Out! and a year later on the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Some album notations distinguish track listings through the use of symbols, such as a >, →, or / to indicate songs that flow seamlessly. The alternative rock band Failure separates these musical transitions into individual tracks, which are simply given numerical distinctions such as Segue 1. This system began with their 1996 album Fantastic Planet.

In live performance, a segue can occur during a jam session, where the improvisation of the end of one song progresses into a new song. Segues can even occur between groups of musicians during live performance. For example, as one band finishes its set, members of the following act replace members of the first band one by one, until a complete band swap occurs.

In audio/visual media, a segue is transition from a song, scene or topic to another one. A segue allows the disc jockey, director or show host to naturally proceed from one song or scene or topic to another without jarring the audience. A good segue makes the transition look natural and effortless.

Track by track 66 Angel WIngs (Live)

Archive number: 66
Title: Angel wings (Live)
Main Album: Live at the BBC
Track number: 7
Genre: Live Jazz Rock Instrumental
Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)
Length: 05' 38”
Composer: Philip Catherine
Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Electric piano Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums
Producer: BBC
Engineer: BBC
Label: Hux Records
Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004
Alternative versions: This track first appeared on Catherine's effort with Jasper Van't Hof and Charlie Mariano Transitory by Pork Pie. An acoustic version can be found on his Moods Vol 1. A live Focus version appears on a later greatest hits album.
Notes: All begin together (00:00-00:07) except the drums, which come in a little later, as a melodic atmosphere of mystery is created. This is very much Catherine's track. He breaks in with his guitar to take up the lead at 00:48 and we are then treated to a feast of jazz rock guitar mastery (00:49-05:32) as he rings the changes on his own composition, ably backed by the band. Applause follows (05:33-05:38).

Track by track 65 House of the King (Live) BBC

Archive number: 65
Title: House of the King (Live)
Main Album: Live at the BBC
Track number: 6
Genre: Live Progressive Rock Instrumental
Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)
Length: 03' 10”
Composer: Jan Akkerman

Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitars; Thijs Van Leer – Flute, Hammond organ; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums
Producer: BBC

Engineer: BBC

Label: Hux Records

Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004
Alternative versions: Several other versions of this early Focus favourite exist
Notes: This is a fairly brisk run through beginning with Catherine's strummed electric guitar (00:00-00:07) and continuing with the band in unison. The slow movement (01:18-01:56) features a pretty jazz oriented effort from Catherine. The band end on a triumphant note (02:47). This is followed by applause, sounds of tuning up for the next track and the obligatory 'thank you' (02:49-03:10).

Track by track 64 Sonata for Flute (Live)

Archive number: 64
Title: Sonata for Flute (Live)
Main Album: Live at the BBC
Track number: 5
Genre: Live Classical Instrumental
Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)
Length: 02' 45”
Composer: J S Bach (Arranged van Leer)
Musicians: Thijs van Leer – Flute
Producer: BBC

Engineer: BBC

Label: Hux Records

Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004

Alternative versions: A quite different fully orchestrated version can be found on Introspection 2 and a new age setting opens Bach for a New Age
Notes: This is a then rare solo effort from van Leer on flute that now often features in the live act. Bach wrote a number of three movement sonatas for flute and keyboard. This appears to be the siciliano from J S Bach's Sonata for Flute or Recorder and Harpsichord in E flat Major (BWV 1030). Brief applause can be heard at the end.

A note on the Sonata form (from Wikipedia)

Sonata (from Latin/Italian sonare, to sound), in music, literally means a piece played not sung as a cantata (Latin/Italian cantare, to sing). The term, being vague, naturally evolved over time, designating a variety of forms prior to the Classical era. The term took on increasing importance in the Classical period, and by the early 19th Century came to represent a principle of composing large scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded alongside fugue as one of two fundamental methods of organising, interpreting and analysing concert music. Though the sound of sonatas have changed since the Classical Era, 20th Century sonatas still maintain the same structure and build.
The Baroque period (when Bach flourished) applied the term to a variety of works, though most works then were fugues and toccatas, including works for solo instrument or groups of instruments. In the transition from Baroque to Classical, the term underwent a change in usage, from being applied to many different kinds of small instrumental work to being more specifically applied to chamber music genres with either a solo instrument, or a solo instrument with piano. Increasingly after 1800, the term applies to a form of large-scale musical argument, and it is generally used in this sense in musicology and musical analysis. Most of the time if some more specific usage is meant, then the particular body of work will be noted: eg Beethoven's sonatas refers to works specifically labelled sonata, whereas Beethoven and sonata form applies to all of his large-scale instrumental works, concert or chamber. In the 20th Century, sonatas in this sense would continue to be composed by influential and famous composers, though many works which do not meet the strict criterion of "sonata" in the formal sense would also be created and performed.

In the Baroque period, a sonata was for one or more instruments almost always with continuo. Later, most works designated as sonatas specifically are performed by a solo instrument, most often a keyboard, or by a solo instrument with a keyboard. In the late Baroque/early Classical period, a work with instrument and keyboard was referred to as having an obbligato part, in order to distinguish this from use of an instrument as a continuo, though this fell out of usage by the early 1800s. Beginning in the early 19th Century, works were termed sonata if, according to the understanding of that time, they were part of the genre, even if they were not designated sonata when originally published, or by the composer.

By the time of Corelli, two polyphonic types of sonata were established: sonata da chiesa(church sonata) and sonata de camera ("ordinary" sonata, literally chamber sonata). The sonata da chiesa, generally for one or more violins and bass, consisted normally of a slow introduction, a loosely fugued allegro and a cantabile slow movement, and a lively finale in somebinary form suggesting affinity with the dance-tunes of the suite. This scheme, however, was not very clearly defined, until Bach and Handel, when it became the essential sonata and persisted as a tradition of Italian violin music – even into the early 19th Century, in the works of Boccherini.
The sonata da camera had consisted almost entirely of idealised dance-tunes, but by the time of Bach and Handel such a composition drew apart from the sonata, and came to be called a suite, a partita, an ordre, or, when it had a prelude in the form of a French opera-overture, an overture. On the other hand, the features of sonata da chiesa and sonata da camera then tended to be freely intermixed. Bach, however, while not using the titles themselves, nevertheless keeps the two types so distinct that they can be recognized by style and form. Thus, in his 6 violin sonatas, Nos 1, 3, and 5 are recognisably sonate de chiesa; and Nos 2, 4, and 6 are explicitly called partitas, but are admissible among the sonatas as being sonate da camera. Bach is also cited as being among the first composers to have the keyboard and solo instrument share a melodic line, whereas previously most sonatas for keyboard and instrument had kept the melody exclusively in the solo instrument.
The genre – particularly for solo instruments with just the continuo or ripieno – eventually influenced the solo movements of suites or concerti that occurred between movements with the full orchestra playing, eg Bach's Brandenburg concertos. The trio sonatas of Vivaldi, too, show parallels with the concertos he was writing at the same time.

Track by track 63 Sneezing Bull (Live)

Archive number: 63
Title: Sneezing Bull (Live)
Main Album: Live at the BBC
Track number: 4
Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental
Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)

Length: 07' 45”
Composer: Philip Catherine
Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitars (Taped acoustic guitars accompanied by soprano saxophone); Thijs van Leer – Flute; Bert Ruiter – Bass, cabasa; David Kemper – Cabasa, Cymbals, Gong
Producer: BBC

Engineer: BBC

Label: Hux Records

Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004

Alternative versions: Catherine's version on Guitars and the later studio recording found on Focus Con Proby. Another short live recording appears on some collections.
Date of recording/release: Recorded 19, released 1978 LP – 1978 CD - 19
Notes: Though a previously recorded Philip Catherine number this track fits well into the Focus style and obviously recalls House of the King. This version retains the building up of an atmosphere present on the original Catherine track (on Guitars) but later abandoned. Ostensibly live, Catherine make use of a backing tape featuring acoustic guitars and soprano sax which he and Ruiter play over in the first part (00:00-02:07) where the atmosphere is built up. We then swing into a jazzy main section (02:08-05:33) where Catherine strums (still accompanied by his taped acoustic guitar), Kemper and Ruiter accompanying on cabasas and van Leer plays his distinctive flute in varying styles. Besides the main riff there are various bridges in and out, some quite jazzy and others quite plaintive or wild, in what is a quite joyous piece. Kemper crashes his cymbals from time to time. Then for a longish stretch it is just the guitars and percussion (05:34-06:15) but the flute comes back in as the riff continues to come in and lead out (06:16-07:15). At last a final gong is struck accompanied by wild flute sounds (07:16-07:20). Finally (07:21-07:45) we have the audience appreciation and yet another grateful 'thank you' from van Leer.

Track by track 62 Maximum (Live)

Archive number: 62

Title: Maximum (Live)

Main Album: Live at the BBC

Track number: 3

Genre: Live Funk Instrumental

Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)

Length: 13' 58”

Composer: Thijs van Leer

Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitar; Thijs van Leer – Electric Piano, Mellotron, Hammond organ; Voice; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums

Producer: BBC

Engineer: BBC

Label: Hux Records

Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004

Alternative version: A shorter version can be found on Focus Con Proby

Notes: This is a number said to date back to Akkerman days. (Some claim to be able to hear its strains on a much later Akkerman solo album). The band begin together (00:00-00:24) with an introductory groove that is followed by a drum-announced electric piano-led burst (00:25-00:29) and a slower groove (00:30-00:52). Another funkier riff (00:53-01:08) then precedes a similarly slow keyboard-led section (01:09-01:37) ended by the guitar. The guitar then leads us into more funky stuff (01:38-02:10) before the main funky riff breaks in again (02:11-02:17) and another slower meandering section follows (02:18-03:26). Here the mellotron is more prominent. The guitar and keyboard lead off on familiar lines (03:27-03:36) but is then more distinctive and percussive (03:37-03:57). At 03:58 a brand new Bach-influenced keyboard section enters. This is punctuated first by a screaming guitar (at 04:09ff) then van Leer's screaming voice (04:31ff). At 04:45 we break down with first the more staccato-style guitar then (04:56) the Bach-influenced keyboards. At 05:07 the screaming guitar is backed by distinctive drumming and we move on via screams from the guitar (05:10-05:18) and van Leer (05:30-05:40) to yet another breakdown (at 05:44). The rises, falls and breaks continue until 07:40-08:27 where there is a decided slowing of pace that eventually picks up in a different vein, led by the guitar (08:28-12:09). Catherine uses pedal effects here and plays some beautiful lines now backed by van Leer's organ as well as other keyboards. We finally break back into the funky groove again at the end, which alternates with the established tune to the end (12:10-13:49). Applause follows and van Leer can again be heard – this time saying 'thank you very much' (13:50-13:58)

Track by track 61 Blues in D (Live)

Archive number: 61

Title: Blues in D (Live)

Main Album: Live at the BBC

Track number: 2

Genre: Live Jazz Rock Instrumental 

Venue: New Victoria Theatre, 17 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LL (now Apollo Victoria)

Length: 3' 46”

Composer: Bert Ruiter

Musicians: Philip Catherine - Electric guitar; Thijs van Leer – Mellotron, Electric Piano; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums

Producer: BBC

Engineer: BBC

Label: Hux Records

Date of recording/release: Recorded March 21 1976 but only released (on CD) June 1 2004

Notes: We begin with the drums and straight away the band is into a keyboard led (electric piano over mellotron) groove as strummed guitar, bass and drums accompany (00:00-00:51). A guitar chord then breaks in and proceedings hang a little as the riff is repeated until the original groove is re-established (00:52-01:30). A crisp guitar next takes up the lead role in a similar jazzy exploratory style (01:31-03:00) the rhythm never failing all the while. At the three minute mark the electric piano briefly comes back in (03:01-03:11) but the guitar is soon back and leads the descent into the close of the piece (03:12-03:35). Applause follows and van Leer can be heard saying 'thank you' (00:36-03:46).

A note on the Blues (from Wikipedia)

Blues is a vocal and instrumental music form based on the use of the blue notes. It emerged in African-American communities of the USA from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The use of blue notes and the prominence of call and response patterns in the music and lyrics are indicative of African influence. The blues influenced later American and Western popular music, as it became the roots of jazz, R& B, rock, etc, etc.

The phrase "the blues" is a reference to the blue devils, meaning 'down' spirits, depression and sadness. An early reference to "the blues" can be found in George Colman's farce Blue devils, a farce in one act (1798). Later during the 19th Century, the phrase was used as a euphemism for delirium tremens and the police and was not uncommon in letters from homesick Civil War soldiers. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to since 1912, when Hart Wand's Dallas Blues became the first copyrighted Blues composition. In lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. There are few characteristics common to all blues, because the genre takes its shape from the idiosyncrasies of individual performances. However, there are some characteristics that were present long before the creation of the modern blues. An early form of blues-like music were call-and-response shouts, which were a "functional expression ... style without accompaniment or harmony and unbounded by the formality of any particular musical structure." A form of this pre-blues was heard in slave field shouts and hollers, expanded into "simple solo songs laden with emotional content". The blues, as now known, can be seen as a musical style based on both European harmonic structure and the African call-and-response tradition, transformed into an interplay of voice and guitar. Many blues elements, such as the call-and-response format and the use of blue notes, can be traced back to the music of Africa. The Diddley bow, a homemade one-stringed instrument found in parts of the American South in the early 20th Century and the banjo are African-derived instruments that may have helped in the transfer of African performance techniques into the early blues instrumental vocabulary.

During the first decades of the 20th Century blues music was not clearly defined in terms of a chord progression. There were many blues in 8-bar form, such as "How Long Blues", "Trouble in Mind" and Big Bill Broonzy's "Key to the Highway." Idiosyncratic numbers of bars are also encountered occasionally, as with the 9 bar progression in Howlin Wolf's's "Sitting on top of the world". The basic 12-bar lyric framework of a blues composition is reflected by a standard harmonic progression of 12 bars, in 4/4 or (rarely) 2/4 time. Slow blues are often played in 12/8 (4 beats per measure with 3 subdivisions per beat). By the 1930s, 12-bar blues became the standard. There would also be 16 bar blues, as in Ray Charles's instrumental "Sweet 16 Bars", and in Herbie Hancock's "Watermelon Man".