Hard Vanilla

Soft Vanilla

Bennie Helder

I need a bathroom

Mother Focus

Focus Live 08

By 1975 things in the Focus camp were beginning to unravel but they continued to play together. The final Akkerman era album, Mother Focus, was recorded in Belgium early in the year with David Kemper as drummer. In late June the band appeared at the Roskilde Festival in Denmark. There seems to have been other activity in Scandinavia that year, including a disastrous stadium concert in Oslo, but none of it is available in recorded form.

At some point Pierre Van Der Linden rejoined the band for their return visit to Australia and Japan in June. Again the Japanese were ready with recording devices and shows in Osaka and Tokyo have been preserved. The one in Osaka on Thursday June 19 features part of AQQA/Focus 2 (presumably they began with Focus 3 or an improvisation, as in Tokyo), then comes Sylvia and House of the King and a new piece that never made it to a studio recording (some detect lines from Crackers and Can't Believe My Eyes in it). It was also played in the Budokan Hall, Tokyo on July 2. In Osaka we then have the end of Hamburger Concerto, a flute solo and most of a version of Eruption. The Budokan Hall concert begins with an improvisation that leads into AQQA/Focus 2. We then have the untitled track, the very end of Hamburger Concerto, House of the King and Sylvia. Both concerts close with Hocus Pocus, an improvisation (partly lost on the Osaka version) with Eurydice from Eruption and Hocus Pocus (reprise). Recordings also exist from Tokyo in 1975 of a 24 minute Eruption and a 10 minute Hocus Pocus. The lack of Mother Focus material seems strange but was may be due to working with Van Der Linden.

That year three concerts were performed in Spain (February 4-7) and at least two in Denmark.

Track by track 59 Father Bach

Archive number: 59
Title: Father Bach

Main Album: Mother Focus
Track number: 12
Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental
Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)
Length: 1' 32”
Composer: J S Bach arranged Van Leer
Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric guitars; Thijs Van Leer – Hammond organ; Bert Ruiter – Bass
Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus
Engineer: Eric Prestidge
Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD – 1988
Notes: The title is a nice joke here as it not only balances the track Mother Focus but also acknowledges the debt to the master Focus owe. Van Leer's organ, Akkerman's mostly 'violined' guitar and Ruiter's bass run through a short piece from the opening chorale of J S Bach's St Matthew Passion of 1729 (BWV 244). Van Leer turns to the piece more than once on his Introspection albums.

A note on the St Matthew passion by J S Bach (from Wikipedia)

J S Bach (185-1750) was a German composer and organist whose sacred and secular works for choir, orchestra and solo instruments drew together the strands of the Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate maturity. Although he introduced no new forms, he enriched the prevailing German style with a robust contrapuntal technique, an unrivalled control of harmonic and motivic organisation in composition for diverse musical forces, and the adaptation of rhythms and textures from abroad, particularly Italy and France. Revered for their intellectual depth and technical and artistic beauty, Bach's works are many. While his fame as an organist was great during his lifetime, he was not particularly well-known as a composer. His adherence to Baroque forms and contrapuntal style was considered "old-fashioned" by his contemporaries, especially late in his career when the musical fashion tended towards Rococco and later Classical styles. A revival of interest and performances of his music began early in the 19th Century, and he is now widely considered to be one of the greatest composers in the Western tradition.

The St. Matthew Passion (Matthäuspassion) (also, Matthæus Passion), BWV 244, is a musical composition written by Bach for solo voices, double choir and double orchestra, with a libretto by Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici). It sets chapters 26 and 27 of Matthew's Gospel to music, with interspersedchorales and arias.

Written in 1727. Only two of the four (or five) settings which Bach wrote have survived; the other is the St John. The St Matthew was probably first performed on Good Friday (April 11) 1727 in the Thomas Kirche in Leipzig, where Bach was Kapellmeister. He later revised it, performing it again on March 30, 1736, this time including two organs in the instrumentation. The St Matthew was not heard outside of Leipzig until 1829, when Felix Mendelssohn performed an abbreviated and modified version in Berlin to great acclaim. Mendelssohn's revival of the St Matthew brought Bach's music, particularly the large-scale works, to a public and scholarly attention that has persisted into the present era.

Track by track 58 My Sweetheart

Archive number: 58

Title: My Sweetheart

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 11

Genre: Funky Pop Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 3' 28”

Composer: Thijs van Leer, Jan Akkerman

Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric sitars; Thijs van Leer – Piano, Mellotron, Flute; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums, Congas

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge

Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Alternative version: Van Leer repeated this track on his solo album Nice to have met you.

Notes: This bass driven piece of disco-influenced pop music begins with the whole band grooving (00:00-00:15) before the electric sitar strikes out a melody (00:16-02:04). It is the sitar that carries the load for most of the time though the flute (possibly synthesised at first) can also be heard in the background (01:17-01:33). A flute-led bridge then takes us on (02:05-02:16) until the sitar leads again (02:17-02:30). The flute is heard again (02:31-02:43) and things break down (02:44-02:49) until a bass-led break (02:50-03:07) some more flute (03:08-03:20) and a fade (03:21-03:28).

Track by track 57 All together ... Oh That!

Archive number: 57
Title: All Together ... Oh That!

Main Album: Mother Focus
Track number: 9
Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental
Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)
Length: 3' 36”
Composer: Jan Akkerman
Musicians: Jan Akkerman – Acoustic guitars, Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Piano; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums
Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus
Engineer: Eric Prestidge
Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988
Notes: As with Ruiter's pair of 'Vanilla' tracks so with these Akkerman tracks we again have a matching title and a livelier second piece. This one is possibly the most commercially accessible track in the whole Focus catalogue. Rather countrified, it begins with double-tracked acoustic guitars (00:00-00:18) supplemented by drums, bass and wandering piano (00:19-01:02) before a very bright and playful electric guitar takes things up at 01:03. The piece then plays out with electric guitar beautifully leading the other guitars and the rest of the band breaking down a little from time to time but then rising again (01:03-03:10) until the piano becomes more insistent and we reach a final fade (03:11-03:36).

Track by track 56 Someone's Crying ... What!

Archive number: 56

Title: Someone's Crying ... What!

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 8

Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 3' 16”

Composer: Jan Akkerman

Musicians: Jan Akkerman – Acoustic Guitars, Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Mellotron, Flute; Bert Ruiter – Bass

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge

Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Notes: This slow and highly atmospheric piece has a simple structure with alternating main sections. First two highly reverbed guitars (one plucked, one mostly 'violined') play over the bass (00:00-00:27). A string mellotron then backs the guitars (00:28-00:52) until an alto flute-led section succeeds (00:53-01:33). After the breakdown and a caesura at 01:32-34 the pattern from 00:28 is more or less repeated (01:34-02:00 and 02:01-02:41) including the caesura (02:39-02:41). A final guitar-led section (02:42-03:06) concludes with extended notes on flute and 'violined' guitar (03:07-03:16).

Track by track 55 Focus IV

Archive number: 55

Title: Focus IV

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 7

Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 3' 54”

Composer: Thijs van Leer

Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Piano, Mellotron, Synthesiser; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge

Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Alternative version: A variation on the track was later recorded by Akkerman as Soft Focus (on Blues Hearts).

Notes: Perhaps the most quintessentially Focus track on the Mother Focus album, this fifth use of the Focus title (the previous attempt was not issued until 1977 and so is called Focus V) showcases both Akkerman and van Leer. Van Leer begins with a somewhat lengthy introduction first on classically oriented piano and flute (00:00-00:21) then on piano accompanied by bass (00:22-00:46). Akkerman comes in next with a rich lead guitar backed by drums, bass and piano, which comes to something of a climax (00:47-01:37) before the guitar leads again (01:38-01:55). A bird-like piano and flute section breaks in next then flies with a mellotron backing but reverting to piano at the break down (01:56-02:28). Next it is the turn of Akkerman's guitar to lead again but with plenty of piano backing (02:29-02:52). A rather egregious and harsh synthesiser break twice cuts in then (02:53-02:57/03:06-03:21) separated by the aspiring piano-backed flute (02:58-03:05) – conflict and resolution is a big theme in van Leer's writing. The final guitar-led section brings us nearly to the end (03:22-00:3:31). The final notes feature an again classically styled piano, this time alone (03:32-03:54).

Track by track 54 Tropic Bird

Archive number: 54
Title: Tropic Bird
Main Album: Mother Focus
Track number: 6
Genre: Laid back Jazz Instrumental
Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)
Length: 2' 38”
Composer: Bert Ruiter
Musicians: Thijs van Leer – Electric piano, Flute, Mellotron; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums
Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus
Engineer: Eric Prestidge
Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI
Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988
Notes: This extremely laid back mood piece features van Leer's keyboards and flute backed by brushed drums and bass. Akkerman appears to be absent.

Track by track 53 Hard Vanilla

Archive number: 53 

Title: Hard Vanilla

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 5

Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 2' 36”

Composer: Bert Ruiter

Musicians: Jan Akkerman – Acoustic guitars, Electric guitars with talkbox; Thijs van Leer – Electric piano?; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge

Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI

Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Notes: This harder edged counterpart to the previous track has the band dominated by guitars – acoustic guitars and especially the talkbox. The main theme is repeated several times until we reach a coda that winds down before going a little wild then fading (02:10-02:31).

Track by track 52 Soft Vanilla

Archive number: 52

Title: Soft Vanilla

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 4

Genre: Light Jazz Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 3' 01”

Composer: Bert Ruiter

Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric guitars; Thijs van Leer – Electric piano, Synthesiser, Mellotron; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper - Drums

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge

Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI

Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Notes: This gentle song begins with van Leer's synthesiser (00:00-00:25) but is succeeded by his flute (00:26-01:30). Gentle chopped guitar joins the rhythm section as backing. A harder edged keyboard section comes in (01:31-01:55) to be succeeded by the flute again and then coming to a halt (01:56-03:01). Like the name it is all very light and sweet.

Track by track 51 Bennie Helder

Archive number: 51

Title: Bennie Helder

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 3

Genre: Jazz Fusion Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 3' 27”

Composer: Thijs van Leer

Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric guitars, Acoustic guitars; Thijs van Leer – Electric Piano, Mellotron, Piano, Synthesiser, Voice, Flute; Bert Ruiter – Bass; Dave Kemper - Drums

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge

Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI

Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Notes: Van Leer opens this slightly directionless piece with keyboards and voice (00:00-00:07). The band then come in with some pleasant stuff (00:08-00:58) well mixed keyboards and guitar with an effect leading. Things slow then something similar follows (00:58-01:44) until another break down (01:45-01:43) where we hear a five note interjection featuring voice and keyboards (01:44-01:47) before the flute comes in to lead, supported too by acoustic guitar (01:48-02:09). Then comes a series of seven definite unison chords (02:10-02:17) and a return to the main theme (02:18-02:50). Finally, we have a few more chords (02:51-02:59) a ritartando (03:00-03:10) and a final bass dominated coda that includes flute and begins to set off in another (perhaps more interesting) direction as it fades (03:11-03:27). Bennie Helder is the name van Leer used for himself as a child.

Track by track 50 Mother Focus

Archive number: 50

Title: Mother Focus

Main Album: Mother Focus

Track number: 1

Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 3' 03”

Composer: Jan Akkerman, Thijs van Leer, Bert Ruiter

Musicians: Jan Akkerman – Acoustic guitars, Electric guitars with talkbox; Thijs van Leer – Piano, Hammond organ, Electric piano; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums, Congas

Producer: Hubert Terheggen/Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge Label: LP – Polydor, Atco, Philips, EMI Date of recording/release: Recorded 1975, released October 1975. LP – 1975, 1977, CD - 1988

Alternative version: This is a remake of the track originally recorded as Glider, then abandoned but finally preserved on Ship of Memories

Notes: The track begins with acoustic guitar (00:00-00:04) then piano (00:00-00:07) and a high hat (00:08) then bass (00:11) and soon the whole band is playing together with Akkerman working the talk box upfront. At 00:33 van Leer adds classical piano chords and an operatic scat vocal. This all comes to a climax at 01:03. It is followed by a riff from Akkerman while van Leer switches to the organ (01:04-01:36). This eventually winds down before getting back to the original rhythm (01:37-02:09) when it is time for the operatic vocal to come in again (02:10-02:39). This again until drums and voice predominate backed by the band and building to a final climax (02:40-02:57) and the briefest talk box coda (02:58-03:03).

A note on the talk box (from Wikipedia) A talk box is an effects device allowing a musician to modify the sound of his instrument by changing the shape of his mouth. The effect can be used to shape the frequency content of the sound and apply speech sounds (in the same way as singing) onto a musical instrument, typically a guitar or keyboard. An effects pedal is usually used. This contains a speaker attached with an air tight connection to a plastic tube, however, it can come in other forms. The speaker is generally in the form of a horn driver, the sound generating part of a horn speaker with the horn replaced by the tube connection. The box has connectors for the connection to the speaker output of an amplifier and a connection to a normal instrument speaker. A foot-operated on/off switch on the box directs the sound either to the talkbox speaker or the normal speaker. The other end of the tube is taped to the side of a microphone, extending enough to direct the reproduced sound in or near the performer's mouth. When activated, the sound from the amplifier is reproduced by the speaker in the talkbox and directed through the tube into the performer's mouth. The shape of the mouth filters the sound, with the modified sound being picked up by the microphone. The shape of the mouth changes the harmonic content of the sound in the same way it affects the harmonic content generated by the vocal folds when speaking. The performer can vary the shape of the mouth and tongue position, changing the sound of the instrument being reproduced by the talkbox speaker. The performer can mouth words, with the resulting effect sounding as though the instrument is speaking. This "shaped" sound exits the performer's mouth, and when it enters a microphone, an instrument/voice hybrid is heard. The sound can be that of any musical instrument, but the effect is mostly commonly associated with the guitar. The rich harmonics of an electric guitar are shaped by the mouth producing a sound very similar to voice, effectively allowing the guitar to appear to "speak".

Pete Drake, a Nashville mainstay on the pedal steel guitar, first used a talk box in 1964. There is controversy over who invented the commercial device. Bob Heil has claimed he invented it but there is clearly a prior example in the form of the Kustom Electronics device, "The Bag", which is the same concept housed in a decorative bag slung over the shoulder like a wine bottle. This appeared in 1969, two years before Heil's Talk Box. The Bag is said to have been designed by Doug Forbes, who states that the exact same concept (horn driver attached to a plastic tube and inserted into the mouth) had previously been patented as an artificial larynx. In 1973, Heil gave his talk box to Peter Frampton as a Christmas present. Frampton first heard it when Stevie Wonder used it. Then when playing guitar for George Harrison, he saw Pete Drake use it with a pedal steel guitar. He used it extensively on his album Frampton Comes Alive! Due to the success of the album, Frampton became somewhat synonymous with the device. Other early adopters were Jeff Beck and Joe Walsh of the Eagles (in 1973). Akkerman was probably first aware of Joe Walsh though he played with Bogert and Appice who played with Beck.

Track by track 49 Crackers

Archive number: 49

Title: Crackers

Main Album: Ship of Memories

Track number: 8

Genre: Jazz Funk Instrumental Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 2' 38”

Composer: Jan Akkerman

Musicians: Jan Akkerman – Electric and acoustic guitars; Thijs van Leer – Flute; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums

Producer: Focus

Engineer: Eric Prestidge?

Label: LP – EMI, Harvest, Sire CD – EMI-Bovema, IRS, Red Bullet, JVC Date of recording/release: 1975. Not released until 1977 (LP). CD – 1988, 1993, 2001, 2006

Alternative version: Other longer fluteless versions appear on Akkerman's self-titled 1977 solo album and his live album of the following year. He also brought it out as a single.

Notes: This jazz funk piece by Akkerman features first his acoustic and electric guitars (with some pedal effect employed) then van Leer's flute leading the band (00:00-00:30; 00:31-00:45). This pattern is repeated (00:46-01:13; 01:14-01:29). The electric guitar then leads off on a riff (01:20-01:45) before returning to the original funky style with acoustic and electric guitars (01:46-02:12). A final all electric coda, which then fades, brings the piece to a close (02:13-02:38).

A note on Funk (from Wikipedia)

Funk is an American music style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended soul, jazz and R&B into arhythmic, danceable new form of music. Funk de-emphasises melody and harmony and brings a strong rhythmic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground. Unlike R&B and soul, which have many chord changes, funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord. Like much African inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments such as electric guitar, bass, Hammond organ and drums playing interlocking rhythms. Funk bands also usually have a horn section, which plays rhythmic "hits". In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a percussive style, often using the wah-wah sound effect and muting the notes in their riffs to create a percussive sound. Influential funk performers include James Brown, George Clinton, Curtis Mayfield, etc. The 1970s was probably the era of highest mainstream visibility for funk music. Notable 1970s funk bands include Earth Wind and Fire, The Commodores and Kool and the Gang, though many of these most famous bands in the genre also played disco and soul extensively. Funk music was a major influence on the development of 1970s disco. In the 1970s, jazz music drew upon funk to create a new subgenre of jazz-funk, which can be heard in 1970s recordings by Miles Davis and Herbie Hancock.

Track by track 48b Avondrood

Archive number: 48b

Title: Avondrood
Main Album: Zing je moerstaal (a compilation). It also appeared with House of the King as a single in 1976.

Track number: 10 (of 12)
Genre: Progressive Rock Vocal

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 5' 48"

Composer: Thijs van Leer, Jules Deelder
Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric guitars, Vocals; Thijs van Leer – Vocals, Bass Moog, Hammond organ, Mellotrons, Piano, Electric Piano, Wind machine; David Kemper - Drums
Producer: Focus
Engineer: Mike Butcher or Eric Prestidge?
Label: LP – EMI, Harvest, Sire CD – EMI-Bovema, IRS, Red Bullet, JVC
Date of recording/release: 1975. Released 1976 (LP)
Alternative version: The instrumental version (Red sky at night [48a])

Notes: Avondrood consists of the backing track Red Sky at Night with chiefly van Leer, but also Akkerman, singing over it. The words are

O avondrood
vlammengloed
O bloedbad in het westen

O late roos
lege doos
O stoffelijke resten

O medemensch
moederschoot
O onvervulde wensen

O bete broodskind
des doods
O verte

[O evening glow, glow of flames, O massacre in the west
O late rose, empty box, O mortal remains
O fellow-man, mother's lap, O unfulfilled desires
O bite of bread, child of death, O distance]

A note on Zing je moerstaal
Zing je moerstaal (Sing your mother tongue) was a compilation album. The cover shows a Dutch symbol, the frog with the wooden shoes, sitting in a singing mouth with a pen in his hand: the combination of music and poetry. In the word "moers" you can see the colours of the Dutch national flag: red, white and blue. The album was released in Holland by CPNB (Commissie voor de Collectieve Propaganda van het Nederlandse Boek - Commission for the Collective Propaganda of the Dutch Book) on the occasion of the Week of books 1976. On the album various Dutch pop musicians (Focus, Kayak, Maggie MacNeal, Fungus, Bots, Robert Long, etc) recorded works by different Dutch authors (Jules Deelder, Harry Mulisch, Theun de Winter, Wim de Vries, Bert Schierbeek, Simon Carmiggelt, etc). Focus knew of the works of the writer and poet Jules Deelder (from Rotterdam) before this recording was done. "Avondrood" was taken from his poetry collection De zwarte jager (The black hunter). It was chosen because of its regular structure and its positive sometimes unusual perspective.

Track by track 48a Red sky at night

Archive number: 48a

Title: Red sky at night

Main Album: Ship of Memories

Track number: 6

Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental

Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 5' 48"

Composer: Thijs van Leer, Jan Akkerman, Jules Deelder

Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric guitars, Vocals; Thijs van Leer – Vocals, Bass Moog, Hammond organ, Mellotrons, Piano, Electric Piano, Wind machine; David Kemper - Drums

Producer: Focus

Engineer: Mike Butcher or Eric Prestidge?

Label: LP – EMI, Harvest, Sire CD – EMI-Bovema, IRS, Red Bullet, JVC

Date of recording/release: 1975 but not released in this form until 1977 (LP). CD – 1988,1993, 2001, 2006.

Alternative version: This is the instrumental backing track for the vocal track Avondrood [48b], presumably laid down like this before the vocals were added.

Notes: A wind machine is heard at the beginning and end (00:00-00:13/05:29-05:48) and in the background throughout. The band comes in together (at 00:14) led by Akkerman's guitar soaring over a slow march featuring van Leer on pianos and bass Moog. There is a beautiful guitar-led bridge (01:53-02:14) before the earlier theme is repeated. The second time the flute leads taking up the bridge part and developing it (02:47-03:51). It is later interspersed with varied fretwork on guitar until a ritartando descends. Things then take off again, led by the piano-backed rising then soaring guitar (03:52-04:18). The section closes with a decisive cymbal crash (04:18) a note from the electric piano (04:19) and a wind machine-backed caesura (04:20-04:22) before the drums and a strong piano chord (04:23-04:26) announce the final section, where the organ is heard with the piano while the guitar (now more horn-like) still leads. A flute is heard at 04:52-04:57 as the piece slowly fades away (04:27-05:28).

Track by track 47 Glider

Archive number: 47

Title: Glider

Main Album: Ship of Memories

Track number: 5

Genre: Progressive Rock Instrumental Studio: Decca Studios, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (later Studio 55)

Length: 4' 34”

Composer: Jan Akkerman

Musicians: Jan Akkerman - Electric Sitar, Drum machine; Thijs van Leer – Piano, Mellotron, Voice; Bert Ruiter – Bass; David Kemper – Drums

Producer: Focus

Engineer: Mike Butcher or Eric Prestidge?

Label: LP – EMI, Harvest, Sire CD – EMI-Bovema, IRS, Red Bullet, JVC

Alternative version: This is an earlier abandoned version of the track Mother Focus

Date of recording/release: 1975. Not released until 1977 (LP). CD – 1988, 1993, 2001, 2006.

Notes: Using the basic elements found in Sylvia and other tracks an attempt is made here (the title and sound would suggest) to create an atmosphere and even a particular scenario. First we have the early morning arrival at an airfield and preparations for a flight (00:00-00:51). No doubt the use of the drum machine was intended to create a mechanical atmosphere. Akkerman's sitar early on also reminds one of some sort of crankshaft or winch. There are shouts and sneezes from van Leer too. A croaking sound from van Leer announces lift off and eventually the glider is set free (01:22) to joyfully glide through the air. This is represented by van Leer's voice at first but from 01:49 Akkerman's sitar takes up the representative role, including rolling falls (eg 02:15-02:19). At 02:49 van Leer's voice comes in again. The sitar comes back in though and at 03:32-03:35 we have another rolling fall before the fade.

A note on the electric sitar (from Wikipedia)

A kind of electric guitar designed to mimic the sound of the traditional South Asian instrument. Depending on manufacturer and model, these instruments bear varying degrees of resemblance to the traditional sitar. Most, in fact, resemble the guitar in the style of the body and headstock, though some have a body shaped to resemble that of a sitar. The instrument was developed in the late sixties when many western musical groups began to use sitar. The sitar is generally considered a difficult instrument to learn. By contrast, the electric sitar, with its standard guitar fretboard and tuning, is easy for a guitarist to play. In addition to the six playing strings, most electric sitars have sympathetic strings, typically located on the left side of the instrument (though some do not have these). These strings have their own pickups and are usually tuned with a harp wrench (a difficult process). A unique type of bridge, a "buzz bridge" (developed by session musician Vincent Bell), helps give the instrument its distinctive sound. Some electric sitars have drone strings in lieu of sympathetic strings. A few models, such as the Jerry Jones "Baby" sitar, lack both, while still retaining the distinctive buzz bridge. Vinnie Bell used the instrument on several songs, including "Green Tambourine" (the Lemon Pipers) and "Band of Gold" (Freda Payne). Because the tone quality and playing technique differ significantly from that of the sitar, it is not used by classical musicians, but typically by rock, jazz, fusion, progressive rock and other pop music groups. Eg Santana, Rory Gallagher, etc. Versions of electric sitar were also developed both in India and Pakistan. These are smaller, look like a sitar and are tuned the same way as the original classical sitar. Akkerman bought a Coral electric sitar, manufactured by the Danelectro company, in the USA in 1973. (These first appeared in stores at the end of 1967. Danelectro ceased trading the following year. Consequently, prices of second-hand examples began to spiral).